Class 10th Economics Easy Notes Ch 2 DEVELOPMENT

Heading of your text :

1. What development promises – different goals, different people.
2. Income and other goals.
3. National development.
4. How to compare different countries or states.
5. Income and other criteria.
6. Sustainability of development.

What development promises

~ different people, different goals

• One, different persons can have different developmental goals.
• What could also be development for one might not be development for the opposite . it's going to even be destructive for the opposite .

Income and other goals

• Common thing- people desire - regular work, better wages, and decent price for his or her crops or other products. In other words, they need more income
• People also want equal treatment, freedom, security, and respect of others. They resent discrimination
• In some cases, these could also be more important than more income or more consumption because material goods aren't all that you simply got to live.
• Money, or material things that one can purchase with it, is one factor on which our life depends. But the standard of our life also depends on non-material things mentioned above
• Similarly, there are many things that are often ignored but they mean tons to our lives.
• If you get employment during a faraway place, before accepting it you'd attempt to consider many factors, aside from income, like facilities for your family, working atmosphere, or opportunity to find out
• In another case, employment may offer you less pay but may offer regular employment that enhances your sense of security
• The job that does not give you security of your job and also leave no time for your family, however, it may offer high pay. this may reduce your sense of security and freedom.
• Women that are engaged in paid work their dignity within the household and society increase. a secure and secure environment may allow more women to require up a spread of jobs or run a business
• Hence, the developmental goals that folks have aren't only about better income but also about other important things in life.

National development

• Ability of a nation to enhance the lives of its citizens.
• Measures of improvement are often increase in GDP, or social aspects like literacy rates, availability of health care etc.
• Income growth
• Poverty alleviation.
• Satisfaction of social and economic needs.
• Sustainment of democratic and participatory society.

How to compare different countries and states

• How come some countries are generally called developed at all. underdeveloped?
• Usually we take one or more important characteristics of persons and compare them supported these characteristics.
• Income high vs. low.
• For comparison : average or per capita income-total income/total population.
• World development report of, 2006 says that the countries with PCI of Rs. 4,53,000 once a year and above in 2004 would be considered as rich countries.
• Per capita income of 37,000 or less- low income countries.
• India in 2004 considered as low income country-Rs. 28,000 once a year .

Income and other criteria

• IMR (infant death rate ) : the number of infants that die before the age of 1 year as a proportion of 1000 live children born there in peculiar year.
• NAR (net attendance ratio ) : total number of youngsters in age 9-10 attending school as a percent of total number of youngsters within the same age bracket .
• LR ( literacy rate ) : proportion of literate population within the 7 and above.
• PDS ( public distribution system ) : proper functioning.
• Public facilities : pollution free environment, unadulterated medicine, educational facilities.
• BMI ( body mass index ) : under nourishment - weight/(Height).

Sustainability of development

• Level of development to travel up further or a minimum of be maintained for future generations.
• Protection of flora and fauna.
• Saving natural resources.
• No increasing in pollution.
• Maintaining fertility of farmland .
• The last half of the 20th century, variety of scientists are warning that this type, and levels, of development aren't sustainable.

Renewable Resources :

• Can be replaced by natural action briefly amount of your time .
• Can be reused or recycled and used multiple times.
• No harm done to environment due to its use.
• For example : wind energy, solar energy , Hydroelectricity and Geo thermal energy etc.

Non Renewable Resources :

• These are natural resources that either can't get replaced or may take many years to exchange by natural action like coal and oil.
• Cannot be reused or recycled.
• Huge harm done to the environment due to the harmful emissions.
• For examples : petrol, coal, gas , atomic energy and fossil fuels etc

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