Class 10th Easy Notes Civics Ch 1 POWER SHARING




Headings from textbook :

  1. Belgium and Sri Lanka .
  2. Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka .
  3. Accommodation in Belgium.
  4. Forms of power sharing.


Topics to find out :

  1. Case of Belgium.
  2. Case of Sri Lanka .
  3. Analyze both cases.
  4. Forms of power sharing.


Case of Belgium


Causes of tension :

  • French community was relatively rich and powerful than the Dutch community.
  • Dutch community was in minority in capital but majority in whole country.
  • Diversity in their culture, religion and traditions.

Steps for solution :

  • Number of French and Dutch speaking ministers shall be equal in numbers in central government.
  • Both groups must be support to pass any law.
  • Many powers of the central government are given to state governments of the 2 regions of the country.
  • Brussels also had equal representation of both the French and the Dutch groups.
  • Apart from the Central and therefore the government , there's a 3rd quite government. This ‘community government’ is belongs to at least one language community and also elected by people.
  • This government has the facility regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues.
  • Brussels was chosen by European Union as its headquarters.


Case of Sri Lanka


Causes of tension :

  • In 1956 Sinhala became the official language of Sri Lanka.
  • Sinhala speakers have priority in jobs and admissions.
  • Government made law to guard and support Buddhism.
  • It increases the sensation of alienation in Tamils.
  • They felt that their culture and language are going to be vanish .
  • Government and constitution denied them right to equality.
  • As a result, the relations between the Tamils and Sinhala communities strained over time.

Tamil’s struggles :

  • The Sri Lankan Tamils made parties and begin struggles for equality of opportunity in securing education, jobs and regional autonomy, and for the popularity of Tamil as a politician language,
  • Their demand for equality and autonomy denied.
  • Tamil demand for separate country in north east Sri Lanka .
  • The disturbance between the 2 communities became widespread conflict. It soon became a war.
  • The war has caused a terrible setback to the social, cultural and economic lifetime of the country.


Analyze both cases


  • Both are democracies. Yet, they addressed the question of power sharing differently.
  • In Belgium - the leaders have realized that the unity of the country is feasible only by respecting the emotions and interests of various communities and regions.
  • In Sri Lanka - It shows that if a majority community refuses to share power and wants to force its dominance over others, it can undermine the unity of the country.
  • Power sharing is sweet because it helps to scale back the likelihood of conflict between social groups.
  • Power sharing may be a great way to make sure the steadiness of political order.
  • Tyranny of the bulk isn't just oppressive for the minority; it often brings ruin to the bulk also .
  • Power sharing is that the very spirit of democracy.
  • People have a right to be consulted on how they're to be governed.
  • A lawful government is one where citizens, acquire a stake within the system, through participation.


Forms of power sharing


  • Horizontal division of power – executive, legislature and judiciary.
  • Vertical division of power – government and central government – often called federal division of power.
  • Among different social groups – like linguistic and religious groups.
  • Coalition sort of government – power shared in political parties.





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