Headings from textbook :
Gender and politics
Religion, communalism and politics
Caste and politics
Gender and Politics
- The gender division is natural and unchangeable.
- Men – heavy works, work outside the home etc.
- Women - cooking, cleaning, washing clothes, tailoring, looking after children, etc.
- Although, in villages women fetch water, collect fuel and work in the fields, all these jobs are tough too.
- But house hold jobs is not valued and does not get recognition.
- Women are paid lesser as compared to men for the same work.
- A person who supports feminism is called feminist.
- Some professions which were earlier not considered suitable for women like scientists, doctors, engineers, lawyers, managers and college and university teachers
- We are still male dominated patriarchal society women face disadvantages, discrimination, and oppression in many ways.
- Literacy rate of women is 54 % and men is 76%
- Parents prefer to spend their money for their boy's education rather than spending equally.
- The proportion of men among the highly paid and valued jobs is still very high as compared to women.
- The Equal Wages Act provides facility to women that equal wages should be paid to equal work. However in almost every area of work, from sports to cinema, factories to fields, women are paid less than men, even when both do exactly the same work.
- In many parts of India the girl child aborted before she is born, and parents also prefer to have sons. This selective sex abortion led to a decline in child sex ratio.
- Women are not safe even within their own home from beating, harassment and other forms of domestic violence.
Steps taken :
- Anti dowry laws has been implemented.
- Some strict laws has been made against domestic violence.
- Government launched several programs to promote girls education for ex : "beti bachao, beti padhao".
- Selective sex abortion have been declared illegal.
- There are legal provision to punish who practiced these social crimes.
- The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 provides equal wages for equal work.
- In local government bodies 1/3rd seats are reserved for women.
Religion, communalism and politics
What is communalism ?
- When one religion and its followers dominates other religion.
- When people start believing that their religion is superior in among all.
- When religion is seen as the base of the nation.
- When nation starts to give priority to any one particular religion.
What is secular state ?
- In India, there is no official religion for the Indian state.
- Indian constitution provides all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practice and propagate any religion, or not to follow any.
- Indian constitution prohibits discrimination on the basis of religion.
- The matters of religion in order to ensure equality within religious communities, our constitution allows the state to interfere.
- For example, it bans untouchability.
Caste and politics
Caste in politics :
- Parties nominates the candidate who belongs to majority of a particular region.
- When government is formed parties make sure that every candidate have equal representation in cabinet.
- Parties and candidates often appeals to the caste sentiments to gain support for their party.
- In India there is a majority of STs, SCs and OBCs. Every party supports lower caste to gain vote.
Limitations :
- No constituency have the majority of one caste so that candidate have to gain support from more than one caste to win elections
- No party gets the votes of all the voters of same caste or community
- Sometimes voters may have more than one candidate from their own caste
- Because of the division of votes the sitting MLAs and MPs loose in the next election
Politics in caste :
- Politics also influences the caste system and caste identities.
- Sometimes, caste group tries to become bigger by incorporating within it neighboring castes or sub-castes which were earlier excluded from it.
- Various caste groups are required to enter into a coalition with other communities or castes.
- New kinds of caste groups -like ‘backward’ and ‘forward’ caste groups.
Steps should be taken :
- Better education structure
- Urbanization
- Economic development
- Jobs
- Awareness
FOR COMPLETE EXPLANATION CLICK HERE : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysfso5bhFhU
NOTE : If you have any question please let us know in the comment section below
0 Comments